The latest “novel coronavirus” emerged in Wuhan, China in mid-December and was quite rapidly preliminarily identified as likely a coronavirus, a common virus group which causes respiratory tract infections. This would be the third new coronavirus causing outbreaks in the past twenty years; it’s impressive seeing the scientific progress made since SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003.　

SARS, the first widespread and deadly coronavirus, spread globally, infecting almost 8100 and killing 774 in 37 countries before it was brought under control. Cases began in November 2003, and exploded over the first three months. It took until July to stop the outbreak.

　Scientists discovered the link to civets in live animal markets in China. Subsequently fruit bats were found to be the likely reservoir for the virus. At that time, China was initially reluctant to openly discuss the scope of the SARS problem. Other countries, as India and Peru, had experienced severe financial losses after epidemics were reported in their countries. Gro Harlem Brundtland, then Director general of WHO, helped gain the Chinese government’s cooperation. Greater transparency and sharing specimens and information was essential to stopping the epidemic, as were rigorous infection control precautions.　

The next novel coronaviruses were human coronaviruses HKU-1 and NL63, then MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which emerged in 2012. A major problem in identifying and stopping that epidemic was that the Saudi government was less than forthcoming about the cases. In fact, there were solid reports that the Saudi government even directed physicians to misreport the cause of death of patients.　

Human coronaviruses are common throughout the world. Seven different coronaviruses, that scientists know of, can infect people and make them sick. Some human coronaviruses were identified many years ago and some have been identified recently. Human coronaviruses commonly cause mild to moderate illness in people worldwide. Two newer human coronaviruses, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, have been known to frequently cause severe illness.　

Symptoms　

Common human coronaviruses　

Common human coronaviruses, including types 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1, usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. Most people get infected with these viruses at some point in their lives. These illnesses usually only last for a short amount of time.　

Symptoms may include　

runny nose

　headache　

cough　

sore throat　

fever　

a general feeling of being unwell　

Human coronaviruses can sometimes cause lower-respiratory tract illnesses, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. This is more common in people with cardiopulmonary disease, people with weakened immune systems, infants, and older adults.　

Other human coronaviruses　

Two other human coronaviruses, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV have been known to frequently cause severe symptoms. MERS symptoms usually include fever, cough, and shortness of breath which often progress to pneumonia. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. MERS cases continue to occur, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula. SARS symptoms often included fever, chills, and body aches which usually progressed to pneumonia. No human cases of SARS have been reported anywhere in the world since 2004.

　Diagnosis　

Your healthcare provider may order laboratory tests on respiratory specimens and serum (part of your blood) to detect human coronaviruses. Laboratory testing is more likely to be used if you have severe disease or are suspected of having MERS.　

If you are experiencing symptoms, you should tell your healthcare provider about any recent travel or contact with animals. Most MERS-CoV infections have been reported from countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Therefore reporting a travel history or contact with camels or camel products is very important when trying to diagnose MERS.　

Transmission　

Human coronaviruses most commonly spread from an infected person to others through

　the air by coughing and sneezing

　close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands　

touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands rarely,　

fecal contamination　

In the United States, people usually get infected with common human coronaviruses in the fall and winter. However, you can get infected at any time of the year. Most people will get infected with one or more of the common human coronaviruses in their lifetime. Young children are most likely to get infected. However, people can have multiple infections in their lifetime.　

Prevention　

How to protect yourself There are currently no vaccines available to protect you against human coronavirus infection. You may be able to reduce your risk of infection by doing the following　

wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds　

avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands　

avoid close contact with people who are sick　

For information about hand washing, see CDC’s Clean Hands Save Lives!　

How to protect others　

If you have cold-like symptoms, you can help protect others by doing the following　

See corona virus is still unknown for China like how it is spread , where does it come from ? ….and many more questions .　

Actually this virus is found in animals or comes from animals according to Chinese scientists . And it may enter in our nostrils and infection lungs through air and eating meat or non veg.　

Hence it's solution is not being found and trials are still to be done since it's new organism .

　The only thing is that since many our Indians are living in China for different purpose so it may come enter in our country through them or through Chinese or others . So the thing we can do is follow some precautionary measure on our own level like cover our face with cotton cloth when visiting public place .　

Do not eat meat , fish or eggs till the matter is solved . And do not eat outside .