无论什么情况，我们都会努力去帮助和鼓励妈妈亲自哺乳。但还有很多妈妈，选择了挤出母乳瓶喂。不得不说的是，坚持瓶喂母乳的妈妈，是非常值得敬佩的，她们付出了巨大的辛苦，承担了巨大的压力，坚持给宝宝提供最好的保护。但是，瓶喂母乳，却使得这些妈妈们损失了亲喂可以带来的好处，这就让人很惋惜了。

母乳亲喂到底能带给我们什么？

1母乳亲喂，让宝宝和妈妈身上菌群一致
　　为什么要让宝宝和妈妈的菌群一致，我们都知道，宝宝出生前，一直生活在无菌的环境下，从出生那刻起，宝宝就开始接触到各种各样的细菌。如果宝宝一直和妈妈在一起，妈妈会产生很多对宝宝非常有益的益生菌。宝宝得到来自妈妈的最全面的保护。而瓶喂的宝宝却很少有长时间单独和妈妈在一起的机会，他们所处的环境非常复杂。和妈妈分离的时间更久，宝宝身上的不良菌群越多，更容易生病。

2母乳喂养，营养全吸收
　　母乳的营养亲喂大于挤出来室温保存大于冷藏保存大于冷冻保存。随着时间的推移，挤出来的乳汁中的营养也在不断的损失。虽然挤出来的乳汁无论如何存储，只要在安全期内，其营养成分永远要高于配方奶，但是我也相信，每一个妈妈都希望把乳汁中的营养100%的给予宝宝。而对于挤奶的妈妈，这些损失的营养成分，就相当的可惜了。

3母乳亲喂，远离过度喂养的危害
　　我们都知道，奶瓶喂养的一个最大的问题，就是容易出现过度喂养的情况。因为宝宝喝多少奶，会掌握在喂奶瓶的人手中。宝宝没有能力决定自己吃多少。而大家普遍忽略的是，能吃下并不代表需要吃这么多。奶瓶喂养的宝宝，通常奶量都是100起，宝宝们真的需要这么多吗？而母乳亲喂，吃多少的决定权在宝宝手里，宝宝想吃多少吃多少，全面保护胃肠发育。

4母乳亲喂，保护妈妈的乳房健康
　　我们都知道，奶瓶喂养的一个最大的问题，就是容易出现过度喂养的情况。因为宝宝喝多少奶，会掌握在喂奶瓶的人手中。宝宝没有能力决定自己吃多少。而大家普遍忽略的是，能吃下并不代表需要吃这么多。奶瓶喂养的宝宝，通常奶量都是100起，宝宝们真的需要这么多吗？而母乳亲喂，吃多少的决定权在宝宝手里，宝宝想吃多少吃多少，全面保护胃肠发育。

5母乳亲喂，妈妈和宝宝的感情更好
　　在母乳亲喂的过程中，妈妈和宝宝肌肤相贴，宝宝闻到的是熟悉的味道，听到的是熟悉的声音，宝宝还能看到妈妈温柔的脸庞，嘴巴吸吮的是温暖香甜的乳汁。对于宝宝来说这是子宫外最温暖舒适的环境。而对于妈妈来说，拥抱并哺育自己的宝宝，相信这是世界上最温馨的事情了吧！在这一次次的交流互动中，爱和信任就此形成。

6母乳亲喂，爱护环境，节约能源
　　母乳亲喂，是最环保且经济的喂养，不需要奶瓶，不需要存储，也不需要一遍遍的清洗消毒……不需要生产线，不用包装，不用运输，不产生垃圾，环保卫士——妥妥的。
　　
　　关于母乳亲喂的好处还有很多很多，这里只写了有限的几点。母乳亲喂不仅是对宝宝，对妈妈甚至是对家庭，对社会都有无与伦比的意义。这是千万年进化出来的喂养宝宝的方法，是自然的恩赐。
　　母乳喂养不单纯是一种喂养方式，而是一种育儿观念，母乳不仅仅提供给孩子食物，在哺育过程中，妈妈和宝宝的交流互动，亲子关系的培养和建立，对宝宝的心理发育也有着至关重要的作用。

There’s an assumption that bottle-feeding breast milk to a child is equivalent to breastfeeding, but that may not be the case.

Breastfeeding is about more than the milk. Babies don’t just breastfeed for nutrition; they nurse for comfort, closeness, soothing, and security.

Exclusive pumping—feeding your baby only breast milk, only from a bottle—is traditionally the territory of mothers whose babies are in the neonatal intensive care unit or otherwise medically unable to suckle directly at the breast. With the widespread availability of portable, personal electric breast pumps that can empty both breasts at the same time, hands-free, in a matter of minutes, more moms have begun to jump on the “EPing” bandwagon. These moms, like Boss, were unable to establish a successful breastfeeding relationship despite their best efforts, but they still wanted to feed their babies breast milk.

“UNBEKNOWNST TO MOST HEALTH professionals, a revolution is taking place in the way U.S. infants are fed human milk. The possible benefits or harms resulting from exclusive pumping merit careful study,” a recent commentary in the American Journal of Public Health noted. The authors wrote that this “quiet revolution in milk expression” (when milk is removed from the breasts sans baby, either manually or with a pump) could be good for babies if they receive more human milk and for a longer period; where it may be problematic is if babies are fed too much, given milk that is an inappropriate composition, or, worse, contaminated.

More specifically, “While expressed breast milk is recognized as far superior to infant formula, the lactation community has begun to question whether [it] confers similar protection to that derived by directly breastfeeding,” according to Donna Chapman, writing in the Journal of Human Lactation. Such protections include reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal illnesses, upper respiratory infections, asthma, obesity, both types of diabetes, and certain childhood cancers.

Another analysis found that infants who were not directly breastfed have a significant increase in coughing and wheezing episodes compared to those who were. Some research suggests storing expressed breast milk may interfere with its beneficial properties. Freezing can break down its immunological cells and lipids (but doesn’t affect its antimicrobial proteins), refrigeration reduces ascorbic acid concentrations, and both storage methods reduce antioxidant activity. Microwave thawing, which is not recommended, drastically decreases breast milk’s anti-infective elements. The effects of these changes, if any, are unknown.

The content of the breast milk itself may differ when it is exclusively pumped. A mother’s breast milk changes according to a baby’s needs, as it ages, as well as throughout the course of a day and the course of each feeding session. Research has confirmed that the fat concentration of expressed milk increases with the baby’s age in the same way that breast-fed milk does. But if mothers don’t pump for long enough at each session, their infants may receive predominantly fore milk (which is high in carbohydrates) and not get enough hind milk (which is high in fat).

As for contamination, everything breast milk touches outside the body during the process of expression and bottle-feeding is a chance for it to obtain harmful bacteria. Bacterial counts are higher in milk expressed with a pump than in milk expressed by hand.

Thorley adds that breastfeeding protects against ear infections not just because of breast milk’s anti-infective elements, but because of the posture of the baby’s head and the dynamics of the suck/swallow/breathe cycle while nursing. She says babies fed by bottle miss out on these aspects.

We don’t know if pumping breast milk offers moms the same benefits of breastfeeding, such as increased postpartum weight loss, and reduced risk of postpartum depression, multiple reproductive cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

泵出来的有交叉污染的风险，不新鲜，活体成分流失，前奶后奶混合，成分和菌体没有实时配合宝宝的需求（例如宝宝生病了，或者天气有变化，母乳都会相应调整成分，只限亲喂）

Antibodies are blood proteins produced in response to substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria and viruses. Close physical contact with your baby helps your body create antibodies to germs in his environment. When you breastfeed directly, your body creates antibodies in response to cues from your baby’s saliva and other secretions. After exposure to new germs, your body can make targeted antibodies available to your baby within the next several hours (Chirco 2008) (Cantini 2008). While a bottle of milk from a previous date will provide your baby with immune factors, it will not contain antibodies to germs he was exposed to today.

Breastfeeding supports the normal development of a baby’s jaw, teeth, facial structure, and speech. The activity of breastfeeding helps exercise the facial muscles and promotes the development of a strong jaw and symmetric facial structure. Breastfeeding also promotes normal speech development and speech clarity. An increased duration of breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of the later need for braces or other orthodontic treatment. One study showed that the rate of misaligned teeth (malocclusion) requiring orthodontics could be cut in half if infants were breastfed for one year (Palmer 2008). Bottle-feeding requires a different tongue action than breastfeeding does, and over time may affect the growth and development of oral and facial tissue. Sucking on bottle nipples, pacifiers, and even thumbs and fingers can eventually affect the shape of a baby’s palate, jaw, teeth, and facial structure. In this presentation, Position and action of the tongue during breastfeeding, dental expert Dr. Brian Palmer shows how breastfeeding promotes normal facial development and provides illustrations showing what happens inside the mouth during bottle- and breast feeding (Warning: Slide 2 of the presentation shows a picture of a cross section of the mouth of a human cadaver for illustrative purposes).

无论什么情况，我们都会努力去帮助和鼓励妈妈亲自哺乳。但还有很多妈妈，选择了挤出母乳瓶喂。不得不说的是，坚持瓶喂母乳的妈妈，是非常值得敬佩的，她们付出了巨大的辛苦，承担了巨大的压力，坚持给宝宝提供最好的保护。但是，瓶喂母乳，却使得这些妈妈们损失了亲喂可以带来的好处，这就让人很惋惜了。

母乳亲喂到底能带给我们什么？

1母乳亲喂，让宝宝和妈妈身上菌群一致
　　为什么要让宝宝和妈妈的菌群一致，我们都知道，宝宝出生前，一直生活在无菌的环境下，从出生那刻起，宝宝就开始接触到各种各样的细菌。如果宝宝一直和妈妈在一起，妈妈会产生很多对宝宝非常有益的益生菌。宝宝得到来自妈妈的最全面的保护。而瓶喂的宝宝却很少有长时间单独和妈妈在一起的机会，他们所处的环境非常复杂。和妈妈分离的时间更久，宝宝身上的不良菌群越多，更容易生病。

2母乳喂养，营养全吸收
　　母乳的营养亲喂大于挤出来室温保存大于冷藏保存大于冷冻保存。随着时间的推移，挤出来的乳汁中的营养也在不断的损失。虽然挤出来的乳汁无论如何存储，只要在安全期内，其营养成分永远要高于配方奶，但是我也相信，每一个妈妈都希望把乳汁中的营养100%的给予宝宝。而对于挤奶的妈妈，这些损失的营养成分，就相当的可惜了。

3母乳亲喂，远离过度喂养的危害
　　我们都知道，奶瓶喂养的一个最大的问题，就是容易出现过度喂养的情况。因为宝宝喝多少奶，会掌握在喂奶瓶的人手中。宝宝没有能力决定自己吃多少。而大家普遍忽略的是，能吃下并不代表需要吃这么多。奶瓶喂养的宝宝，通常奶量都是100起，宝宝们真的需要这么多吗？而母乳亲喂，吃多少的决定权在宝宝手里，宝宝想吃多少吃多少，全面保护胃肠发育。

4母乳亲喂，保护妈妈的乳房健康
　　我们都知道，奶瓶喂养的一个最大的问题，就是容易出现过度喂养的情况。因为宝宝喝多少奶，会掌握在喂奶瓶的人手中。宝宝没有能力决定自己吃多少。而大家普遍忽略的是，能吃下并不代表需要吃这么多。奶瓶喂养的宝宝，通常奶量都是100起，宝宝们真的需要这么多吗？而母乳亲喂，吃多少的决定权在宝宝手里，宝宝想吃多少吃多少，全面保护胃肠发育。

5母乳亲喂，妈妈和宝宝的感情更好
　　在母乳亲喂的过程中，妈妈和宝宝肌肤相贴，宝宝闻到的是熟悉的味道，听到的是熟悉的声音，宝宝还能看到妈妈温柔的脸庞，嘴巴吸吮的是温暖香甜的乳汁。对于宝宝来说这是子宫外最温暖舒适的环境。而对于妈妈来说，拥抱并哺育自己的宝宝，相信这是世界上最温馨的事情了吧！在这一次次的交流互动中，爱和信任就此形成。

6母乳亲喂，爱护环境，节约能源
　　母乳亲喂，是最环保且经济的喂养，不需要奶瓶，不需要存储，也不需要一遍遍的清洗消毒……不需要生产线，不用包装，不用运输，不产生垃圾，环保卫士——妥妥的。
　　
　　关于母乳亲喂的好处还有很多很多，这里只写了有限的几点。母乳亲喂不仅是对宝宝，对妈妈甚至是对家庭，对社会都有无与伦比的意义。这是千万年进化出来的喂养宝宝的方法，是自然的恩赐。
　　母乳喂养不单纯是一种喂养方式，而是一种育儿观念，母乳不仅仅提供给孩子食物，在哺育过程中，妈妈和宝宝的交流互动，亲子关系的培养和建立，对宝宝的心理发育也有着至关重要的作用。

亲喂不会

http://www.nutrientstudy.com/pressrelease.htm

瓶喂唯一和好处是方便，坏处还未尽知

亲喂的好处则说不完，当然也是no pain no gain

最好的情况是妈妈们知道两者的差别，根据自身情况做出让自己几年后或几十年后也不会后悔的选择

过去乳母、奶粉喂养也曾在社会上层流行，但随后人们都逐渐认清其弊端。唯有亲喂是最自然也最经得起时间考验的。