https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%9D%88%E6%95%8F%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%8C%E7%89%B9%E7%95%B0%E5%BA%A6
特异性和灵敏性这里说的很清楚,英文更简洁
Laboratory tests are characterized by their ability to detect a positive case (sensitivity 灵敏性) and their ability to determine a negative case (specificity 特异性).